Simbar-shipak

Simbar-Šipak, or perhaps Simbar-Šiḫu, typically inscribed msim-bar-dši-i-ḪU or si-im-bar-ši-ḪU in cuneiform, where the reading of the last symbol is uncertain, “offspring of Šipak”, c. 1021–1004 BC, founded the 2nd Dynasty of the Sealand, Babylon’s 5th Dynasty and conducted a program of restoration of a number of temples that had been destroyed earlier by the marauding Arameans and the Sutû. His identification with the Sibir (mSi-bir) named by Ashurnasirpal II in his annals as having earlier captured and laid waste Atlila, a city on Assyria’s eastern flank, remains unresolved.

Kudur-Enlil

Kudur-Enlil, rendered in cuneiform as Ku-dur dEN.LÍL, “son of Enlil,” was the 26th king of the 3rd or Kassite dynasty of Babylon. He reigned into his ninth year, as attested in contemporary economic tablets. His relationship with his predecessor and

Karaindash

Karaindaš was one of the more prominent rulers of the Kassite dynasty and reigned towards the end of the 15th century BC. An inscription on a tablet detailing building work calls him “Mighty King, King of Babylonia, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the

Ninurta-kudurri-usur II

Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur II, a name meaning “O Ninurta, protect my offspring”, inscribed in cuneiform as mdMAŠ-NÍG.DU-PAP, or mdNIN.IB-NÍG.DU-PAP, c. 939 BC, was the 2nd king of the Dynasty of E, a sequence of mixed dynasties, of Babylon; he

Shirikti-shuqamuna

Širikti-šuqamuna, inscribed phonetically in cuneiform mši-rik-ti-dšu-qa-mu-nu and meaning “gift of Šuqamuna”, c. 981 BC, succeeded his fellow “son of Bazi,” Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I, as 3rd king of the Bῑt-Bazi or 6th Dynasty of Babylon

Eulmash-shakin-shumi

Eulmaš-šākin-šumi, inscribed in cuneiform as É-ul-maš-GAR-MU, or prefixed with the masculine determinative m, “Eulmaš (is) the establisher of offspring”, c. 1000–984 BC, was the founder of the 6th Dynasty of Babylon, known as the Bῑt-Bazi

Ea-mukin-zeri

Ea-mukin-zēri, inscribed mdÉ-a-mu-kin-NUMUN, son of Hašmar, was the 2nd king of the 2nd Sealand or 5th Dynasty of Babylon, c. 1004 BC, but only for 3 months, according to the Dynastic Chronicle, 5 months according to the Kinglist A

Zababa-shuma-iddin

Zababa-šuma-iddina was the 35th and penultimate king of the Kassite or 3rd dynasty of Babylon, who reigned for just one year, ca. 1158 BC. He was without apparent ties to the royal family and there is uncertainty concerning the circumstances of his

Kadashman-Harbe II

Kadašman-Ḫarbe II, inscribed dKa-dáš-man-Ḫar-be, Kad-aš-man-Ḫar-be or variants and meaning I believe in Ḫarbe, the lord of the Kassite pantheon corresponding to Enlil, succeeded Enlil-nādin-šumi, as the 30th Kassite or 3rd dynasty king of

Mar-biti-apla-usur

Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur, inscribed DUMU-É-A-PAB on contemporary inscriptions on Lorestān bronze arrowheads or dA-É-AxA-ŠEŠ in the Dynastic Chronicle, means “O Marbīti, protect the heir.” Marbīti was a deity associated with Dēr with a sanctuary

Margaret Leshikar-Denton

Margaret E. "Peggy" Leshikar-Denton is an archaeologist specialising in underwater archaeology, and director of the Cayman Islands National Museum