Shelterwood cutting

Shelterwood cutting refers to the progression of forest cuttings leading to the establishment of a new generation of seedlings of a particular species or group of species without planting. This silvicultural system is normally implemented in forests that are considered mature, often after several thinnings. The desired species are usually long-lived and their seedlings would naturally tend to start under partial shade. The shelterwood system gives enough light for the desired species to establish without giving enough light for the weeds that are adapted to full sun. Once the desired species is established, subsequent cuttings give the new seedlings more light and the growing space is fully passed to the new generation.

Liberation cutting

Liberation cutting has similar goals to cleaning, namely the allocation of resources to the most promising trees available on a site. What separates liberation cutting from cleaning is that the overtopping competitors are of a distinctly older age class

Cleaning (forestry)

"Cleaning" and "weeding" are two similar terms referring to the practice of selecting particularly desirable trees in a young stand and removing or killing trees that threaten their survival or development.Used correctly, the term "cleaning" refers to the

Girard form class

Girard form class is a form quotient calculated as the ratio of diameter inside bark at the top of the first 16 foot log to the diameter outside bark at breast height (DBH). Its purpose is to estimate board-foot volume of whole trees from measurement of

Extended rotation forest

An extended rotation forest is a forest stand for which the harvest age is increased beyond the optimum economic harvest age to provide larger trees, wildlife habitat, and other non-timber values

Stocking (forestry)

In forestry, stocking is a quantitative measure of the area occupied by trees, usually measured in terms of well-spaced trees or basal area per hectare, relative to an optimum or desired level of density. A desirable level of stocking is often considered

Burntside State Forest

The Burntside State Forest is a state forest located near the town of Ely in Lake and Saint Louis counties, Minnesota. 82% of the forest land falls within the limits of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness to the north which belongs to the Superior

Crow Wing Chain of Lakes

The Crow Wing Chain of Lakes is a chain of eleven shallow lakes along the Crow Wing River in Hubbard County, Minnesota, approximately 90 miles (140 km) upstream from the Crow Wing's confluence with the Mississippi River. Although connected, there are a

Keeley Creek

The Keeley Creek is a river of Minnesota. It empties into Birch Lake in the Bear Island State Forest in St. Louis County, Minnesota

Bear Island State Forest

The Bear Island State Forest is a state forest in Minnesota bordered by the towns of Ely, Babbitt, and Tower in Lake and Saint Louis counties. It is adjacent to the Burntside State Forest and the federally managed Superior National Forest and Boundary

Philipp Fahrbach Sr.

Philipp Fahrbach Sr. was an Austrian musician. He was in the orchestra of Johann Strauss I in Vienna, and later led his own ensemble which followed the tradition of the Strauss orchestra; he composed dance music and marches. He was also director of a