Modistae

The Modistae, also known as the speculative grammarians, were the members of a school of grammarian philosophy known as Modism or speculative grammar, active in northern France, Germany, England, and Denmark in the 13th and 14th centuries. Their influence was felt much less in the southern part of Europe, where the somewhat opposing tradition of the so-called "pedagogical grammar" never lost its preponderance.

Louis de La Forge

Louis de La Forge (1632–1666) was a French philosopher who in his Tractatus de mente humana expounded a doctrine of occasionalism. He was born in La Flèche and died in Saumur. He was a friend of Descartes, and one of the most able interpreters of

Rosary of the Philosophers

The Rosary of the Philosophers is a 16th-century alchemical treatise. It was published in 1550 as part II of De Alchimia Opuscula complura veterum philosophorum (Frankfurt). The term rosary in the title is unrelated to the Catholic prayer beads; it refers

Mari ibn Suleiman

Mari ibn Suleiman or Sulaiman was a 12th-century Nestorian Christian author writing in Arabic

Shamanism in Europe

The first historian to posit the existence of European shamanic ideas within popular beliefs of otherwise Christian Europeans was Carlo Ginzburg, who examined the Benandanti, an agrarian cult found in Friuli, Italy, whose members underwent shamanic

Erhard von Appenweiler

Erhard von Appenweiler was a 15th-century Basel chronicler and cleric. A native of Appenweiler near Colmar, his presence as chaplain at Basel Minster is recorded from 1429. He was made chamberlain at local commandery of the Order of Saint John in 1443. On

Book of prophecies

A Book of prophecies or Chrismologion is a genre of literature of the Renaissance and the Early Modern period which collects prophecies or methods of divination

Giovan Francesco Capoferri

Giovan Francesco Capoferri (1487–1534) was an intarsia artist in Bergamo, Lombardy

Dit de l'empereur Constant

Dit de l'empereur Constant is an Old French work about the birth and youth of Constantine the Great. It survives in a verse and in a prose version. The verse version has 630 octosyllabic rhyming lines. It survives in a single manuscript, Det Kongelige

Bouchard de Marly

Bouchard I de Marly was a French knight and crusader, lord of Marly, Montreuil-Bonnin, Saissac, Saint-Martin-en-Languedoc and Picauville

Constantine of Nicaea

Constantine of Nicaea or Constantine the Philosopher was a Neoplatonic philosopher in the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Manuel I (1143–1180