Franck–Hertz experiment

The Franck–Hertz experiment was the first electrical measurement to clearly show the quantum nature of atoms, and thus "transformed our understanding of the world". It was presented on April 24, 1914, to the German Physical Society in a paper by James Franck and Gustav Hertz. Franck and Hertz had designed a vacuum tube for studying energetic electrons that flew through a thin vapor of mercury atoms. They discovered that, when an electron collided with a mercury atom, it could lose only a specific quantity of its kinetic energy before flying away. This energy loss corresponds to decelerating the electron from a speed of about 1.3 million meters per second to zero. A faster electron does not decelerate completely after a collision, but loses precisely the same amount of its kinetic energy. Slower electrons merely bounce off mercury atoms without losing any significant speed or kinetic energy.

Clement D. Child

Clement D. Child was an American physicist and educator. He is noted particularly for "Child's law" (1911), which is an equation that describes the electric current that flows between the plates of a vacuum tube. Vacuum tubes were the main components in

New Directors/New Films Festival

The New Directors/New Films Festival is an annual film festival held in New York City, and organized jointly by the Museum of Modern Art and the Film Society of Lincoln Center. Established in 1972, the Festival generally selects films from first-time

Fort Worth University

Fort Worth University was a college in Fort Worth, Texas that was founded in 1881. It was affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was member of the University Senate of the church. The university was dissolved into the Methodist University of

Rubin Braunstein

Rubin Braunstein (1922–2018) was an American physicist and educator. In 1955 he published the first measurements of light emission by semiconductor diodes made from crystals of gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium antimonide (GaSb), and indium phosphide

Edmund Naughton

Edmund Naughton (1926–2013) was an American writer and journalist whose first novel, McCabe (1959), was the basis for the 1971 film McCabe & Mrs. Miller. The film, directed by Robert Altman, is now considered a masterpiece. After 1958, Naughton lived in

Committee for Jewish Refugees (Netherlands)

The Committee for Jewish Refugees was a Dutch charitable organization. It operated from 1933–1941. At first, it managed the thousands of Jewish refugees who were fleeing the Nazi regime in Germany. These refugees were crossing the border from Germany

Deer Creek Marsh Wildlife Management Area

Deer Creek Marsh Wildlife Management Area is an 1,195-acre (484 ha) New York State Wildlife Management Area (WMA) with a 4,500-foot (1,400 m) sandy beach on the eastern shore of Lake Ontario; it is in the Town of Richland in Oswego County, New York

Itzik Manger Prize

The Itzik Manger Prize for outstanding contributions to Yiddish literature was established in 1968, shortly before Itzik Manger's death in 1969. Manger "was and remains one of the best-known twentieth-century Yiddish poets." The prize was initiated by

Helen A. Myron

Helen A. Myron (1905-1983) was a costume designer at Fox Film and 20th Century Fox from 1933 to 1940. She is credited on about 40 motion pictures, mostly B movies including five Charlie Chan films. She has been noted in several histories of costume design

Andre Anthony

Andre Anthony is an American football outside linebacker for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He previously played college football at LSU before being selected by the Buccaneers in the seventh round of the 2022 NFL Draft